A Tree
A tree is a tall plant with a trunk and branches made of wood, A single tree has many roots. The roots carry nutrients and water from the ground through the trunk and branches to the leaves of the tree. They can also breathe in air.
A tree is a tall plant with a trunk and branches made of wood. Tress Can live for many years. The oldest tree ever discovered is approximately 5,000 years old and the oldest tree the from the UK is about 1,000. The four main parts of a tree are the roots, the trunk the branches, and the leaves. The roots of a tree are usually under the ground. However, this is not always true. The roots of the mangrove tree are often under water. A single tree has many roots. The roots carry nutrients and water from the ground through the trunk and branches to the leaves of the tree. They Can also breathe in air. Sometime, roots are specialized into aerial roots, Which can also provide support, as is the case with the banyan tree.
The trunk is the main body of the tree. The trunk is covered with bark which protects it from damage. Branches grow from the trunk. They spread out so that the leaves can get more sunlight. The leaves of a tree are green most of the time, but they can come in many colors, shapes and sizes. The leaves take in sunlight and use water and food from the roots to make the tree grow, and to reproduce.
Trees and shrubs take in water and carbon dioxide and give out oxygen with sunlight to from sugars. This is the opposite of what animals do in respiration. Plants also do some respiration using oxygen the way animals do. They need oxygen as well as carbon dioxide to live. Trees are renewable resources because, if cut down, other tree can grow in their place.
A leaf (plural leaves) is the principal lateral appendage of the vascular plant stem, usually borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. The leaves, stem flower and fruit together form the shoot system. leaves are collective referred to as foliage, as in "autumn foliage." in most leaves the primary photosynthetic tissue, the palisade mesophyll, is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus, Palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. Most leaves are flattened and have distinct upper [adaxial] and lower [abaxial] surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata [pores that intake and output gases, the amount and structure of epicuticular wax and other features. Leaves are mostly green in color due to the presence of a compound called chlorophyll that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy from the sun. A leaf with lighter-colored or white patches or edges is called a variegated leaf.
Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses [poaceae]. However, sedge [Cyperaceae] and rush [juncaceae] can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica and are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. Furthermore, grasslands are one of the largest biomes on earth and dominate the landscape worldwide. They cover 31-43% of the Earth's land area There are different types of grasslands: natural grasslands, semi-natural grasslands, and agricultural grasslands.
Grasslands cover around 3.5 billion hectares globally, representing 26-40 percent of Earth's total terrestrial area.
The term grassland agriculture is a familiar one in a number of European countries but perhaps not as familiar in the United States. What do we mean by the term grassland agriculture?
The American Forage & Grassland Council defines grassland agriculture simply as:. "the proper use of grass in agriculture" [American Forage & Grasslands Council, 1959. American Forage & Grassland Council, Its History, Plans and Objectives, State College, Pa.]]]]]]
In actual practice, grassland agriculture includes the proper use of legumes as well as grasses. Grasses and/or grass/legume mixtures are used to feed livestock, support wildlife, and to maintain land resources in good condition. Grasslands occupy about one-half the total land are in the contiguous 48 states and therefore deserve attention and proper utilization by everyone concerned with good stewardship of the earth.
Sunlight 1: Sunlight is the light and energy that comes from the Sun. When this energy reaches the earth's surface, it is called insolation. What we experience as sunlight is actually solar radiation. It is the radiation and heat from the Sun in the from of electromagnetic waves.
The atmosphere affects the amount of solar radiation received. When solar radiation travels through the atmosphere, some of it is absorbed by the atmosphere [16%]. Some of it is scattered to space [6%] Some of it is reflected by clouds [28%] about [47%] of it reaches the Earth's surface.
Without sunlight, there could not be life on the Earth Plants need sunlight for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis the plants use the energy of the sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, to create glucose [sugar]. The glucose can later be used by the plant for energy or animals eat the plant and the glucose in it. Plants need sunlight to grow green. Without enough sunlight but with enough water, the plant grow very tall very quickly, but looks yellow and dehydrated, although when touched, the leaves are very moist.
Solar radiation can be both good and bad for a person's health. When in the light, the human body uses the ultraviolet part of sunlight to make its own Vitamin D. without sunscreen too much ultraviolet light can cause sunburn and skin cancer. sun angle makes difference in season on Earth as well as in the length of day and night. A high angle makes the tropics hot, and a low angle makes the arctic cold.
Sunlight 2: Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is scatter and filtered through Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the sun is above the horizon. When direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat. When blocked by clouds or reflected off other objects sunlight is diffused. Sources indicate an "Average over the entire earth" of " 164 watts per square meter over a 24-hour day"
- The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight has both positive and negative health effects, as it is both a requisite for vitamin D3 Synthesis and a mutagen.
- Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach Earth from the surface of the sun. A photon starting at the center of the Sun and changing direction every time it encounters a charged particle would take between 10.000 and 170,000 years to get to the surface.
Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, the process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates and to fuel the organisms activities.
A Forest is a piece of land with many trees. Many animals need forests to live and survive. Forests are very important and grow in many places around the world. They are an ecosystem which includes many plants and animals. Temperature and rainfall are the two most important things for forests. Many places are too cold or too dry for them. Forests can exist from the equator to near the polar regions, but different climates have different kinds of forests. In cold climates conifers dominate, but in temperate Zone and tropical climates forests are mainly made up of flowering plants. Different rainfall also makes different kinds of forest. No forests exist in deserts, just a few trees in places where their roots can get at some underground water.
A Forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as trees density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. The Food and Agriculture Organization defines a forest as land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Using this definition FRA 2020 found that forests covered 4.06 billion hectares or approximately 31 percent of the global land area in 2020.
Forests are the predominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed around the globe. More than half of the world's forests are found in only five countries [Brazil, Canada, China, Russian Federation and united Stated of America]. The largest part of the forest [45 percent] is found in the tropical dominion [Tropical forests] followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.
Forests at different latitudes and and with different precipitation and evapotranspiration form distinctly different biomes: boreal forests around the North Pole, tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests around the Equator, and temperate forests at the middle latitudes. Higher elevation areas tend to support forests similar to those at higher latitudes, and amount of precipitation also affects forest composition.
Forests account for 75% of the gross primary production of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass. Net primary production is estimated at 21.9 gigatons carbon per year for tropical forests, 8.1 for temperate forests, and 2.6 for boreal forests.
Almost half the forest area [49 percent] is relatively, intact, while 9 percent is found in fragments with little or no connectivity. Tropical rainforests and boreal coniferous forests are the least fragmented, whereas subtropical dry forest and temperate oceanic forests are among the most fragmented. Roughly 80 percent of the world's forest area is found in patches larger than 1 million hectares. The remaining 20 percent is located in more than 34 million patches across the world - the vast majority less than 1 000 hectares in size.
Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also affect people's health. Human activities, including unsustainable use of forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.
[[[[[[ When plants grow they sequester atmospheric carbon in their tissues via the process of photosynthesis. Because forests are full of large trees and other plants, they store massive amounts of carbon. But when they are burned or chopped down, much of that carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases [nitrous oxide, methane, and other nitrogen oxides]. The clearing and burning of tropical forests and peatlands accounts for about 10 percent of greenhouse gases from human activities. Therefore forest protection and restoration are critical to slowing climate change. By one estimate, published in 2015 in the scientific journal Nature, tropical forests alone could meet half the 2050 target for reducing carbon emissions. but forests do much more than lock up carbon: they moderate local temperatures, play an important role in maintaining rainfall and weather patterns through transpiration , reduce erosion and run-off into rivers, stem drought and flood cycles, and provide critical habitat for millions of species.]]]]]]
Our forests
Our forests are important Sources of natural Wealth, Covering One-fifth of country's land area. They supply the timber for the railways, buildings and furniture making. They also supply the fuel for cooking and the bamboo for paper-making. Medicinal herbs also come from the forests.
In the olden days, our Wiseman and philosophers had their ashrams in the forests. These ashrams were centers of knowledge and learning. Those sages had done an excellent job of maintaining our forests. So we had wonderful forests.
Unfortunately, forests were ruthlessly cut down in the past few years. While the forests are disappearing, the demand for timber is growing. We must, therefore, protect and develop our forests. van Mahotsav is an important step in this direction. It is observed for a week in July every year. During this week, lakhs of saplings are planted throughout the country. This is being done to restore our fast disappearing forests.
Still, deforestation poses a serious threat to forests on the earth. Deforestation causes soil erosion, sudden floods and global warming.
Protect our forests
The source of our natural wealth is forest Which covers country's one-fifth of land. They supply timber for railways, buildings and furniture making and also are used as fuel, paper making and medicine. The sages in ancient days maintained the forests. But now people cut down the trees for various reasons. So 'van Mahotsav' is arranged for a week in the month of July to make aware the people the importance of forests and to protect them. Deforestation causes soil erosion, sudden floods and global warming. So we must protect our forests.
A Step towards protection of forests
To stop the ruthless cutting of trees in the Himalayas, a unique movement - chipko was started. The word chipko means to 'hug' or to 'embrace' in Hindi. The movement derived its name from the dramatic circumstances in which it was born.
In March 1973, when tree fellers arrived in Mandal village of Uttar pradesh to cut trees, they found that hundreds of women had gathered there. They protested the tree-felling and clung to the trees literally embracing them to save them from the axes. The non-violent protest worked and the trees were saved. From that day chipko has become an important word in the dictionary of environmentalists the world over.
The movement got a big push when sunderlal Bahuguna, an environmental activist of Tehri actively supported it. He and his volunteers travelled on foot from village to village to educate and involved the local people on the urgent need of forest conservation. "Our blue-print is not only for the saving of the trees but for the survival of mankind, "said Bahuguna.
Similar to the chipko movement is the Appico [meaning 'to hug' in Kannada] movement started in karnataka. The movements motivated many other activists to fight against tree-felling.
Chipko Movement - A step towards protection of forests
When the people in the Himalayas realized the trees are cut down unnecessarily they hugged the trees and risked their lives to save them. The incident in Mandal village in Uttar pradesh was an eye-opener for all of us. The women stopped the tree fellers by hugging the trees. It was a good initiative taken by the women to save trees and protect forest risking their own lives. Sunderlal Bahuguna an environmental activist of Tehri supported the movement. Along with his activists he travelled from village to village to counsel the villagers about the importance of forest and bad effects of tree felling on environment. Thus the movement spread all over and even it reached karnataka. It motivated many volunteers to stand against the tree fellers.
Adopt a tree today!
The world needs more trees! Trees do many things for us. Trees give us oxygen, they clean the air by removing the main greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; they help to reduce pollution, they stop soil erosion and flooding and they provide us with many important things such as food, shelter and medicine.
Trees also play a very important part in the biological diversity of the planet and they are beautiful. The Adopt a tree campaign was started by WWF India in 2005 with the mission of encouraging people to plant species that are native to India to stop them from disappearing.
Since its launch, the campaign has given all citizens an opportunity to nurture a tree to life. We encourage individuals, communities, companies, schools and other organizations to involve themselves in this campaign. Adopt a tree today because nurturing a tree is like nurturing a friend for life.
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Trees and Prevention of Pollution
We are all aware of the rising levels of pollution. Indiscriminate cutting of trees, rising number of vehicles and gases and waste liquids released from factories are major causes of pollution.
I Wish to draw your attention to the role played by trees in preventing pollution. Trees help to decrease the poisonous gases in the air. They hold the soil together and prevent soil erosion. As a result, soil retains its fertility. The retention of flowing water helps in maintaining the level of ground water. Trees are also home to many birds and animals. So it is our duty to plant more trees and take good care of them.
I urge all of you to join in today's tree plantation Programmers and to hold such programmers in your localities as well. Don't Forget to celebrate Van Mahotsav a every year. Remember : Trees are our lungs. Without trees, all forms of life will die. Without trees, We too will die.
Trees - Our Best Friends
Trees are man's best friends. Many Indians Worship trees as gods. Trees are of great value to all living beings. The different parts of trees are useful to man in various ways. They add to our Wealth and protect us.
Trees give is wood, flowers, fruits, nuts, gums and so many other products. They provide the right environment for human beings, animals and birds. The deep roots of trees help to bind the soil together and prevent soil erosion. Trees attract rain and keep the air around us cool and fresh. The leaves of trees give out valuable oxygen. So, the felling of trees is very harmful to mankind.
As the human population increased, people cut down trees for firewood and for Creating space for farming settling and constructing buildings. They felled trees thoughtlessly. Everyone should release the need to protect, save and grow more trees .we must remember the ' Chipko Movement ' in Garhwal (Uttar Pradesh ) under the leadership of Sundarlal Bahuguna. Even many years ago, the 'Bishnoi' tribe of Rajasthan Protected the trees from axes by hugging the trees and welcoming death. we, too, must fight against the felling of trees.
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