Infectious Diseases & Dengue infection mosquito 2020

Infectious Diseases 

Mother's burns or Grandpa's backache are not passed on from them to others. However, one has to take care to stay away from people who are ill with the flu (influenza), cold, ringworm, scabies, chickenpox. These diseases spread from one person to the other. Such diseases are called infectious diseases. What causes these diseases ? They are caused by micro-organisms. Every infectious diseases is caused by a specific micro-organism or germ. When the germs of a particular diseases enter the body and begin to grow, the person gets the disease. How is one person's diseases passed on to ANOTHER PERSON? When a person has a cold, the germs from his body spread in the air when he coughs or sneezes. When these germs enter other people's body, they can also get the disease. That is the disease spreads. Typhoid spreads when its germs are passed on by a person ill with typhoid to another person. 

Spread of infectious diseases : What are the different ways in which infections disease spread ? 

Spread of disease through air : The germs of a disease like influenza are present in the spit or saliva of the person who has the disease. When he coughs, spits or sneezes, they enter the air with the tiny droplets of saliva or spit. When other people breathe in that same air, the germs enter their bodies. Diseases of the throat and the chest spread through the air, for example, 

[ Do Not cough or spit in the open ]

 tuberculosis, swine flu, etc. That is why we are told to cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze.

Spread of disease through water : The germs of diseases of the intestines like typhoid, cholera, diarrheas' as also of jaundice, are present in the fasces of the affected person. If the fasces get mixed with water the germs in it also enter the water. If another person drinks water which has been contaminated by these germs, they enter his intestines too, and that person can get the disease. To prevent the spread of disease in this manner, it is best to avoid washing clothes and bathing in the water sources or defecating on the banks of the water, etc.

Spread of disease through food : You may have heard of a number of people getting 'gastro' or diarrheas' after eating contaminated food at a function. Diseases spread through food also. This is also called food poisoning.

        You have seen flies sitting on dirt. When they sit on the fasces of a person who has an intestinal disease, the germs of the disease stick to their legs. When the same flies sit on our food, the germs enter the food. If we eat that food, the germs enter our body and we can get the disease. That is why it is important to always keep our food covered.

[ Wash your hands cleans. Keep food covered.]

        Food is handled while preparing or serving it. If someone who has an intestinal disease handles or serves food without washing his hands properly, the germs sticking to his hands can enter the food. Food contaminated in this way can also cause disease. One must avoid eating it. Maintaining cleanliness everywhere is beneficial for our health. keeping food covered ensures that flies cannot sit on it, dust and other rubbish in the surrounding also cannot enter it. This prevents the micro - organisms from entering the food and the spread of disease is also prevented.

The spread of disease by insects : You may be aware that one can get malaria from the bite of a certain kind of mosquito. When this type of mosquito bites someone who has malaria, the malaria germs in that person's blood enter the mosquito's body with the blood it suck's. If this mosquito bites another person, the malaria germs enter that person's body too and he too can get malaria. Insects like mosquitoes and fleas spread disease. That is why, we must stop such insects from breeding.

Spread of disease by direct contact : Ringworm, scabies are diseases that affect the skin. Their herms are found on the skin. If someone else comes in contact with the skin of a person having this disease or wears his clothes then that person can get that skin disease too. That is why, it is better to avoid sharing clothes.

An epidemic of a disease : Germs of diseases like the flu or conjunctivitis spread quickly through the air. So, many people can get such disease all at one time. If the water of a common source is contaminated by germs of a disease like cholera, then there is the danger of all those who drink that water getting the disease. If, at some place, mosquitoes breed in large numbers then many people there can get malaria. When many people in one area get the same infectious disease all at the same time, we say that there is an epidemic of the disease. Air, water, food and insects are the mediums through which diseases Spread. Hence, if everyone takes care to ensure that the germs do not enter our food, water or air and to prevent the breeding of insects that spread disease, it is possible to prevent a disease from becoming an epidemic. For this, it is important for all of us to make cleanliness a habit.

Prevention Of infectious Disease : To prevent disease from spreading through water, it is purified at the water - works. In smaller towns and villages, bleaching powder is added to community sources of water to kill the germs and make the water safe for drinking. When there is an epidemic of gastro or jaundice, people are advised to boil water before drinking it. To prevent mosquitoes from breeding, we must ensure there is no stagnant water in the surroundings. But, if that is not possible, insecticides have to be used. Thus diseases like malaria can be prevented.

[ A breeding - ground for mosquitoes ]

          People who have a serious infectious disease like tuberculosis or swine flu are quarantined. There are separate wards in hospitals for people with infectious disease. Clothes and utensils used by the patients are washed with germicides. The spittle of a person who has tuberculosis is collected in a vessel and covered with a germicide like phenylene. Such precautions help to prevent the disease from spreading to others. To prevent the spread of disease through air, people should cover the mouth when sneezing or coughing and avoid spitting in the open. If it is necessary to be with such a patient, a mask should be worn to cover the nose and mouth.  If someone in the family gets an infectious disease, the government health department should be informed so that necessary steps for preventing the spread of the disease can be taken.

 [Measures for preventing the spread of disease ]

Vaccination : When there is an epidemic of a disease, does every person in the area get the disease? When disease producing micro - organisms enter our body, the body resists the disease or fights the germs. That is why, many times we do not get a disease even if germs enter our body. Another way to prevent disease is vaccination. Our body develops resistance to a particular disease if we are vaccinated against it. Soon after a baby is born, she is given the tuberculosis vaccine. When the baby is one and a half months old, she is given vaccinations against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus and polio. Two more doses of these vaccinations are given at intervals of one months.  The vaccines for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus are combined into a triple vaccine and given as an injection. The polio vaccine  is given orally.

Public health service facilities : To prevent the spread of infectious disease and epidemics, health and community welfare programmers are undertaken at the national level. Community programmers for vaccination are also undertaken as part of national health schemes. Children are given the vaccines by trained people. Special camps are arranged for this purpose. Primary Health Centers have been established at the villages level. There are also facilities like mobile dispensaries, ambulances, and a Welfare Fund for the disabled. Services. like the examination of  urine and blood, X- ray, ultra -sound and other scans are also available through the health programmers. Thus, patients can get the service they need without delay. People are also educated about the right methods of handing drinking water and food. They are urged to maintain cleanliness in their surroundings. It is now forbidden by law to spit in a public place. The purpose of this ban is to prevent the spread of disease. Mass media are also used for raising public awareness about health and hygiene issues.

At one time it was believed that diseases are caused due to the anger of gods, evil sprite or due to black magic. The remedies prescribed for these were also inhuman. However, science has shown that disease are caused by micro - organisms and these beliefs are false. Micro - organisms are a kind of living things. All micro - organisms do not cause disease. Some micro - organisms are useful to us. They bring about the conversion of milk into yoghurt and the fermentation of the batter for idlis, dosas, etc.

Always Remember - Cleanliness, a balanced diet and vaccination are essential for the prevention of infectious diseases.

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Conclusion : 1] Disease caused by micro - organisms are called infectious diseases. 2] Micro - organisms that cause disease are also called germs. 3] Every infectious disease is caused by a specific micro - organism or germ. 4] Infectious disease spread through water, food or air by direct contact or through insect bites. 5] If care is taken to prevent germs from entering the body, the spread of disease can be prevented. 6] If many people in a place get a disease at the same time, it is called an epidemic. 7] Vaccination is an excellent method of preventing disease.

Dengue infection mosquito 🦟🦟🦟🦟🦟🦟 Dengue is an infection caused by a virus. You Can get it if an infected mosquito bites you. Dengue does not spread From person to person. it is common in warm, wet areas of the world . Outbreaks occur in the rainy season. Dengue is rare in the United States.🦟 Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, Vomiting an rash. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue hemorrhagic fever, Which Causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin. it can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock. These forms of dengue are life-threatening. There is no specific treatment. Most people with dengue recover within 2 weeks. Until then, drinking lots of fluids, resting and taking non-aspirin fever-reducing medicines might help. people with more severe forms of dengue usually need to go to the hospital and get fluids. 🦟🦟🦟🦟🦟🦟

Community Health and Hygiene

Community health : Nutritious food, personal, hygiene, exercise and pursuit of hobbies lead to excellent health and good personal development. Just as we take care of our own health, we must make efforts to ensure good health for all. Everyone in our society should be able to live the kind of tension - free and happy life that we wish for ourselves. Good community health and hygiene can be achieved through habits of cleanliness and good health on the part of all individuals in a community. Pollution, squalor, epidemics of infectious disease, addiction, insect - borne disease are all threats to community health. To nurture community health is to protect the general public from such disease and to make a happy and healthy life possible for all.

Importance of community health : The people of a country are the most important factor in a country's progress and development. Their health can be protected if they have a clean environment, nutritious food, safe drinking water and good medical facilities. Mass media are used under community welfare programmers to educate people about issues such as taking care of drinking water and food. People are urged in every possible way to keep their surrounding clean. It is a legal offence to spit in public places. The aim of this ban is to prevent the spread of disease.

Wholesome living : If we take care of our health, it is possible for us to lead a wholesome life. Keeping ourselves happy and taking an interest in things. avoiding feelings of hatred and envy and doing what is necessary to maintain physical health helps us to achieve this end. If people of a society live a healthy and wholesome life, social tensions also decrease and feelings of friendship can be nurtured.

Tobacco consumption : Names of tobacco products such as gutka, cigarettes, bidis, masheri, mawa, panmasala, etc. are often heard. We also see many people consuming tobacco in different ways. All these are harmful for our health. At first, a person may chew tabacco casually at someone's urging. But this may lead to addiction. The person becomes dependent on tobacco and cannot give up the habit. When people develop this habit. they become restless if they do not get tobacco. They are not able to pay attention to anything else. They have to have tabacco in the mouth all the time. When the habit reaches this stage, it is called an addiction. People addicted to tobacco spit here and there all the time and make their surroundings dirty.

Ill EFFECTS OF TOBACCO ADDICTION 

• Ulcer's in the mouth.
• The ulcers develop into bigger wounds. The person may develop tumors.
• A lot of time and money has to be spent on treatment. If the wounds do not heal, the person has serious problems. This can eventually lead to cancer.
• Tobacco entering the digestive organs leads to complaints related to them. The constant presence of tobacco in the digestive organs can cause cancer of any of those organs.
• A person who develops cancer in this way has to take very painful treatment. Even after that, one cannot be sure that the cancer will be cured.

Alcoholism : Drinking alcohol also has adverse effects on the body. Addiction to alcohol is called alcoholism.

• Alcohol makes a person drowsy and confused. One loses control over one's actions.
• Alcoholism causes disease of the liver, inters tines and urinary bladder. 
• Addiction to tobacco or alcohol are both very bad habits. It is best to stay away from these vices. Never be negligent about health.
• The condition of the addict becomes pathetic, and the addict's family too has to suffer with them. There is no telling how much money will be required for treatment. Besides, everyone is put to great trouble and a lot of time and efforts are wasted. The family gets deprived of health and happiness and is ruined. 
• We must be aware that an addict destroys the entire family. 

Beware ! Chewing tobacco, smoking cigarettes or bidis, taking snuff, rubbing masher on the teeth, smoking tobacco through a chillum, hookah, cigar, pipe or cheroot are all extremely harmful. Besides alcohol and tobacco, people also fall prey to some other addictions such as the addiction to drugs like cocaine, heroin, etc. These addictions can totally devastate your life.

Drugs, tobacco and alcohol use - an invitation to death : Tobacco, drugs and alcohol produce a state of intoxication. Addiction to any of them eventually kills you. Every person should beware of the ill effects of these addictions and strictly stay away from them. There are people who lure others into smoking, drinking or trying out drugs. On no account should we give in to their pressure. If a person starts getting addicted to smoking or drinking or taking drugs, the help of counsellors or doctors should be sought immediately to rid the person of the habit. One should eat regularly and take up sports and other hobbies. One should be firm in avoiding any addiction.

Always Remember -  Learn to say 'No!' firmly in order to avoid bad habits.

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Conclusion : Each person should put in efforts to maintain the community's health., We must be alert with respect to matters of public health., Wholesome living leads to good personal and social health., One needs to be firm with oneself to avoid bad habits.

I hope that some learn basic information.