(Basic) Exploring Information Technology -2019

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          Rabbi Yassir Wala tu'Assir Wa Tammim bil Khayr

Exploring Information Technology 

          It is common knowledge that the computer permeates every aspects of our lives. The use of multimedia and internet technologies has significantly changed the way we study, work and play. Thus, it is essential to impart the knowledge of computers to the children at their stage of learning so as to make them self -sufficient. About five decades ago, the ear of computers revolution started. Since then, the developments are taking place at a breathtakingly rapid rate in he computers field. 

Contents 

Computer and Calculators
 Human Beings and Computers
Need for Computers
Sizes of Computers
Part of a computers
Switching a Computer on and Off

         A computers is an electronic machine that works very fast and does not make mistakes. It can be used for storing lots of information.

Computers And Calculators : A calculator is a small electronic device used for doing mathematical calculations. A calculators cannot be used for writing letters or drawing pictures, while a computers can be used to calculate, draw pictures, write letters and do many other things as well.

Computers is derived from the word computers which means 'to calculate.'

Human Beings And Computers : Computers cannot work on their own. They do what you want them to do only if you give them the right command.

Here are some points of comparison between human beings and computers.

• Human beings are slow in doing calculations.
• They cannot remember lots of things.
• They cannot do more than two or three things at a time.
• They can make mistakes.
• They have feelings.
• They can think and take decisions.
• They get tired if they work for long hours and get bored if they have to do the same work again and again.
• A Computer can do complex calculations in seconds.
• It can store and remember a large amount of information at one time.
• A Computers can do many things at a time.
• It does not make mistakes.
• It does not have feelings.
• It cannot think and take decisions on its own.
• It never gets tired and bored.

Machines which work like human beings are called Robots. ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) is the most advanced robot in the world. It can walk. run, turn corners, recognize hand gestures, carry objects, dance, and climb upstairs and downstairs. It can perform simple tasks, such as switching on and off the light, etc.

Need For Computers

There are a number of tasks that a computers can do.

• A Computer can be used for writing and reading documents.
• It can store a large amount of information.
• It can do many calculations in a fraction of a second. 
• It can be used to play music and watch movies.
• It can be used to play games.
• It can be used to draw pictures.
• It can be used to design greeting cards, newspapers, magazines, clothes, etc.
• It can be use to count and compare things.

       A Computers can do a numbers of things that you can also do. Then why do you need a Computer ? The reason is very simple. A Computers can do all these things in a better, faster and more organized way It can do many things at the same time.

Sizes Of Computers 

        Computers are available in different sizes. A desktop computer is a computers which is kept on a desk. It is also called a Personal Computer (PC). A laptop is a computers which is small enough to fit on a person's lap. It can be carried around easily. A palmtop is a very small computers which can fit in a person's palm.

Early electronic computers, developed around the 1940's, were as large as a room and used up a lot of electricity.

Parts Of A Computer 

       A Computer has many parts and each part has a special function. The four main parts of a computer are given below.

• Monitor
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) box 
• Mouse 
• Keyboard

Monitor : A monitor is a device that displays pictures and text on its screen. It resembles a television. A monitor is also called a Visual Display Unit (VDU) because it displays the work done on the computers.

CPU Box : A CPU box contains many important parts of a computers. One such part is the CPU. Most of the calculations are done in the CPU. Therefore, it is also known as the brain of the computer.

Mouse : A mouse is a pointing device with a tail. It has two mouse buttons and a scroll wheel on it. It is used for pointing at objects and drawing pictures on the monitor of a computers.

Keyboard : A keyboard is used to feed information into the computer. It has many buttons called keys. These keys are used for typing numbers, letters and other symbols. Whatever you type on the keyboard appears on the monitor.

Switching A Computers On And Off 

       You need to follow a few steps to switch a computer on and of. Come, let me explain these steps to you.

Switching A Computers On And Off : The process of switching on the computers is called booting. To switch on a computers, follow these steps.

 Steps 1. Switch on the power supply and the UPS.

Steps 2. Press the power supply button of the CPU box and switch on the monitor.

Steps 3. Wait for the machine to completely load the operating system. One the operating system (Windows 8 in our case) is loaded, the tiling interface of Windows 8 appears. Click the Desktop tile open desktop. Now, you are ready to work on the system.

Note : In earlier operating systems like Windows 7, once the operating system is loaded the desktop appears directly.

      After completing all the work, you must shut down Windows 8. It should be done properly to avoid any damage and loss of information.

To shut down Windows  8, follow these steps.

Steps 1. Save all your work and close all the programs. Press  key on the keyboard to open the tiling interface of Windows 8.

Steps 2. Move the mouse pointer over the little gadget in the lower right corner of the tiling interface of windows 8. The Charms Bar appears.

Steps 3. Click Settings and then click Power  (Button) .

Steps 4. Click Shut down from the popup menu that appears.

Now, switch off the monitor, the UPS and the power supply switch.

You can also restart your system by clicking the Restart option option from the submenu that appears after clicking the Power option.

Points To Remember 

• A Computer is an electronic machine that works very fast and can store lots of information.
• A Computer has four main parts : monitor, CPU box, mouse and keyboard.
• The process of switching on the computer is called booting.
• Computers should be switched off properly to avoid any damage and loss of information.

Keyboard 

Contents 

• Cursor Control Keys
• Special Keys
• Function Keys
• Multimedia Keyboard

    As you already know, a standard keyboard has 104 keys. Based on their functionality, these keys are classified into different categories --- Alphabet keys, Numbers keys , Cursor Control keys, Function keys, and some Special keys. Since you already know about the Alphabet and Numbers keys, let us learn about other keys.

The Keyboard was invented 134 years ago, Christopher L. Sholes was the creator of the QWERTY keyboard. The word QWERTY comes from the first six letters of the Alphabet keys.

Cursor Control Keys 

       These keys are used for moving the cursor on the monitor. They are marked with arrows in four different directions ----- right, left, up, and down. These are also called Arrow keys.

Cursor : When you want to write some text, you will notice a small line blinking on the topmost left on the screen by default. This is known as the cursor. Anything you type, it will appears on the screen where the cursor is placed. The cursor tells the position where the next character will appear.

Special Keys : Some of the special keys present on a keyboard are given below.

Caps Lock Key : This key is used to type the letters of the alphabet in capitals. It is placed on the left side of the keyboard.  When the Caps Lock key is pressed, a light on the upper right corner of the keyboard indicating Caps Lock turns on. Now if you type any word or letter, it appears in capitals, For Example, if you type the word apple, it will appears as APPLE on the monitor. When you press the Caps Lock key again, it ends the function and the light goes off. Now, if you type the word apple, it will appears as apple on the monitor.

Num Lock Key : This key is used to activate or deactivate the numeric keypad. It is placed on the right side of the keyboard in the numeric keypad. When the Num Lock key is pressed, another light on the upper right corner of the keyboard, indicating Num Lock turns on. Now, You can use the numeric keypad for typing numbers. When the Num Lock key is pressed again, it deactivates the numeric keypad and the light goes off.

Spacebar Key : This key is the longest key on the keyboard. It is used to insert blank spaces anywhere in the text. For example, to type, I AM LEARNING COMPUTERS, You have to give a space by pressing the Spacebar key after each word. Give one space after tying the letter I, one after typing the letter M in the word AM, one after typing the letter G in the word LEARNING, and finally type the word COMPUTERS.

If you do not use the Spacebar key, you will get the text as : 

Enter Key : There are two Enter keys on a keyboard. This key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line. It is also known as the Return key. If any instruction is given to the computers, it will carry out that instruction only when the Enter key is pressed. The symbol for the Enter key is (↲ )

For example, to type 1, 2, 3, in separate lines:

Type 1 and then press the Enter key.

Type 2 and then press the Enter key.

Type 3 and then press the Enter key.

The Enter key moves the cursor to the next line.

Backspace Key : This key is used to erase anything typed on the left side of the cursor. It is placed above the Enter key.

        Suppose you typed FLOWERR instead of FLOWER. Move your cursor to the end of the word and press the Backspace key to remove the extra R.

Delete Key : The Del or the Delete Key is used to erase anything typed on the right side of the cursor. 

        Suppose you typed RAINBYOW instead of RAINBOW. Move your cursor after the letter B and press the Delete key to get the correct word.

Shift Key : There are two Shift keys on a keyboard. This key is used in combination with other keys. Some keys, like Number keys, have special symbols printed on their upper portion. The Shift key is used to print these symbols. When you want to type the symbol printed on a number key, press the Shift key along with that numbers key.

For Example, if you want to type ＄, then press the Shift key along with the Number key. The character ＄ will appears on the monitor. The Shift key can also be used to type capital letters when the Caps Lock is off. You need to press the Shift key along with the Alphabet key to get the letter in capitals.

Function Keys : These keys are used for special functions. They are marked from F1 to F12. They are placed on the top of the keyboard.

Multimedia Keyboard : These days multimedia keyboards are used. A multimedia keyboard contains some additional keys used for volume control, playback control, accessing e-mail, putting CPU to sleep, etc.

Points To Remember 

• Cursor control keys are used for moving the cursor on the monitor.
• Caps Lock key is used to type the letters of the alphabet in capitals.
• Num Lock key is used to activate or deactivate the numeric keypad.
• Spacebar key is the longest key on the keyboard. It is used to insert blank spaces any where in the text.
• Enter key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line.
• Backspace key is used to erase anything's typed on the left side of the cursor.
• The Delete key is used to erase anything typed on the right side of the cursor.

Mouse

Contents 

• Types Of Mouse 
• Mouse Actions

      A mouse is a pointing device which is used to point at objects on the monitor. It also helps us draw pictures and play games.              

Doug Engelbart invented the first computers mouse in the year 1964. It was made of Wood.

Types Of Mouse

        There are three types of mouse : TWO - BUTTON MOUSE, THREE - BUTTON MOUSE AND SCROLL MOUSE. a TWO -Button mouse has right and left buttons. A three - button mouse has right , left and Centre button. A scroll mouse has right  and left buttons and a scroll wheel  AT THE Centre. Scroll mousse are commonly used these days.

These days most people use a mouse without wire, which is known as cordless mouse.
Mouse Actions 

        There are four types of mouse actions : click, double, click, right -click, and drag and drop.

Click : To click, gently press and release the left mouse button. The mouse makes a clicking sound. A click selects an object on the screen. For Example, take your mouse pointer over the Computer icon and click on it. A square - shaped box surrounds the icon.

Double-Click : To double - click, gently press and release the left mouse button twice in a short interval. It is used to open a document or a program. For Example, take the mouse pointer over the Computer icon and double - click on it. The Computer window will open.

Right - Click : To right - click, gently press and release the right mouse button, It often displays a list of commands on the monitor. For example, take the mouse pointer over the Computer icon and right - click on it. A shortcut menu will appears.

Drag and Drop : Drag and drop is used to move an object on the screen. Hold the mouse firmly Position the pointer over an object on the monitor and then press and hold down the left mouse button. Still holding down the  button, move the pointer to where you want to place the object and then release the button. This way you can drag and drop the object. For example, take the mouse pointer over the Computer icon. Select the icon and drag it to some other place on the Desktop and then drop it. As the mouse is dragged, the icon on the monitor will move.

Points To Remember :

•  A mouse is a pointing device which is used to point at object on the monitor. 
• There are three types of mouse : Two - button mouse, three - button mouse and scroll mouse.
• There are four types of mouse actions : Click, double - click, right - click, and drag and drop.

Computer Applications 

Contents

• Entertainment
• Education
• Banks
• Railway Stations and Airports
• Hospitals
• Offices
• Defense
• Designing

       The computer is a wonderful machine of great all -round utility. Let us study the uses of the computer in different areas of our lives.

Entertainment

• Computers are used for drawing pictures, playing games, listening to music and watching movies.
• They help in making cartoon movies and animation films.

Education 

• Computers are used for teaching, making timetables, and preparing results in schools.
• They are use for keeping fee records, student records, and records of library books.
• They also help in doing mathematical calculations.
• Students can use computers for completing their homework.

Banks 

• Computers are used by banks for storing information about account holders.
• They help in keeping a record of cash.
• Computers help in giving all kinds of information regarding any account in the bank.
• They help in withdrawing cash from an Automated Teller Machine (ATM).

Railway Stations And Airports

• Computers help in giving information about seat availability and bookings.
• They help in giving information about the arrival and departure timings of trains and aero planes.
• They are used to keep records of all the passengers.

Hospitals

• Computers help in keeping records of patients in hospitals.
• Doctors use computers for diagnosing illness.
• Computers are used for a number of medical tests.

Offices

• Computers are used to type and print documents, letter, etc.
• Computers help in keeping records of office employees.
• They help in sending and receiving e-mails.

DE fence

• Computes help in controlling missiles.
• Computers help in keeping records of criminals.
• Computers help in times of war.
• Computers are used for communication between the soldiers and their commanders.

Designing 

• Computers help in designing magazines, newspapers, books, advertisements, etc. 
• They help in creating design for building, houses, fabrics, etc.

Points To Remember

• Computers are used for drawing pictures, playing games, listening to music, and watching movies.
• In schools, computers help in teaching and keeping various records. 
• In banks, computers are used for storing information about account holders.
• Computers help in giving information about seat availability and booking in trains and flights.
• They are used for keeping records of patients in hospitals and of employees in offices
• Computers help in controlling missiles and keeping records of criminals.
• They are used for designing magazines, newspapers, books, advertisements. etc.

Mouse

          A mouse is a pointing device. It s used for pointing at objects on the monitor. It is also used for drawing images. The mouse is used to control the movements of the pointer on the monitor.

Scanner 

         A Scanner is used to change text or an image on a paper to an electronic form. This can be viewed on the monitor. These scanned images can be used in different documents. The scanner is like a photocopier machine.

Joystick 

         A joystick is an input device which helps in playing computers and video games. It has one or more button on it.

Microphone 

         When you speak over a microphone, you can record your voice or other sounds into the computer.

Light Pen 

        A light pen is an input device, which works like a mouse. It is used to draw any figure directly on the computers screen.

Web Camera 

        A Web camera is used to capture live images and videos, and send them over the Internet.

Trackball 

         A trackball is an alternative to a mouse. It has a ball, rotated by the hand to move the pointer in the desired direction.  It is mainly used in the medical field.

Output Devices 

          Output devices are the devices which display or give results. We use our mouth and hands to express ourselves. Similarly, a computers gives its output with the help of its output devices. Some common output devices are given below.

Monitor 

      A monitor is a device that shows us text and images. After the input has been processed, the results are shown on the monitor.

Printer 

         A printer is the primary output device used to get the printed copy or the hard copy of your work on paper, slides, clothes, etc.

Speakers 

       Speakers are often an entertaining and low cost addition to your computers. They allow you to listen to music.

Plotter 

        A plotter is an output device used to print high quality images such as designs of ships, machines, building etc. It uses a pen to draw pictures on paper.

Points To Remember 

• something that goes in is knows as input.
• Output is the result after the input has been processed.
• Input devices are the devices that are used to feed information and data into the computers.
• Output devices are the devices which display or give result's.

More On Paint 

Contents

• How to open Paint
• Parts of Paint Window
• Recap of Tools
• Some More Tools
• Creating, Saving and Opening Drawings
• Printing a Drawing
• Exiting Paint

How To Open Paint 

        Paint is a program in Microsoft Windows that is used to make colorful drawings. To open Paint, follow these steps.

1. Right - click anywhere in the blank area between the tiles on the Start screen. The Apps bar appears across the lower portion of the screen.
2. Click the All apps button in the Apps bar. The Apps screen appears displaying all the available applications.
3. Click on the Paint tile, the Paint window appears.

Parts Of Paint Window 

         As you already know, the Paint window consists of title bar, Ribbon and drawing area. Let us learn more about these.

Title Bar 

        The title bar is placed at the top of the Paint window. It displays the name of the application program, that is, Paint, and the drawing on which you are currently working. Until you save your drawing, you can see Untitled - Paint on the title bar. The left side of the title bar contains a Quick Access Toolbar with some of the most important buttons, such as save, Undo and Redo.

Ribbon 

       The Ribbon is places just below the title bar. It provides quick access to the commands that you need to complete a task. These commands are grouped under three tabs, namely, file tab, Home tab, and View tab. 

File Tab  

         This tab has commands to perform basic functions such as creating a new images, opening an existing image, saving an image, printing a  image, exiting Paint, and so on.

Home Tab 

      This tab has different tools, brushes, shapes and coolers that you can use to make drawings. In addition, it consists of carious of Various  Clipboard tools (Cut, Copy and Paste), and image selecting and resizing tools.

View Tab 

         The commands under this tab allow you to zoom in or zoom out an image, or view an image in full screen mode.

Drawing Area 

       Drawing area is the white area which takes up the major portion of the Paint window. You can draw pictures in this area.

Recap Of Tools 

Let us recap the tools learnt in the previous class.

• Line tool is used for drawing a straight line.
• Pencil tool is used for making freehand drawings.
• Eraser tool is used to erase any part of a picture.
• Rectangle tool is used for drawing rectangles.
• OVAL TOOL IS USED FOR DRAWING OVALS AND CIRCLES.
• Fill with color tool is used to fill a closed figure with a selected colour.

Some More Tools 

In this section, we will discuss some more tools available in paint.

Curve Tool 

 Curve tool is used to draw smooth, curved lines. To use the Curve tool, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Curve tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the line thickness and colour of your choice.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse to draw a straight line.
• Click where you want the first curve to be and then drag the mouse pointer to adjust the curve. If you want only one curve, then double - click.
• For second curve, repeat the previous step. Release the mouse button when you get the desired curve. Remember. only two curves can be made for a line.

Polygon Tool 

      Polygon tool is used to draw closed figures with many sides such as a triangle, pentagon, hexagon, star, etc. To use the Polygon tool,  follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Polygon tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the colour and thickness for the outline.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse to draw a straight line.
• Release the mouse button and click at the point where you want to end the second line of the polygon.
• Repeat the previous step for each next line. Double- click to end ; Paint will automatically complete the polygon.
• Click the Fill with color tool and then select a colour. Fill the polygon with the selected colour.

Drawing a Square 

To draw a square, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Rectangle tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour you want for the outline of the square.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Press and hold the Shift key, click the left mouse button and drag the mouse to draw a square of desired size.

Drawing A Circle 

 To draw a circle, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Oval toll in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour you want for the outline of the circle.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
•  Press and hold the Shift key, click the left mouse button and drag the mouse to draw a circle of desired size. 

Rounded Rectangle Tool 

 Rounded rectangle tool is used for drawing rectangles and squares with rounded corners. To use Rounded rectangle tool, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Rounded rectangle tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness of the outline from the Size drop-down box.
• Click Color 1 in the Color group, and then select a colour to draw the outline of the rounded rectangle in colour.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw a rounded rectangle. If you want to draw a round square, press and hold the Shift key while dragging.

Triangle Tools 

   Triangle tool and Right triangle tool are used to draw triangles and right triangles, receptively. To draw a triangle or right triangle, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Triangle or Right triangle tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour of your choice for the outline of the triangle.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw a triangle.

Arrow Tools 

       Paint allows you to draw different types of arrows, namely, Right arrow , Left arrow Up arrow, and Down arrow, To draw an arrow, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the arrow tool of your choice in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour of your  choice for the outline of the arrow.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw an arrow.

Star Tools 

      Paint allows you to draw different types of start, namely, Four - point, Five - point star, and Six - point star. To draw a star, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the desired star tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour of your choice for the outline of the star.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw a star.

Callout Tools 

     Paint also allows you to draw different types of callouts, namely, Rounded rectangular callout, Oval callout, and Cloud callout. To draw a callout, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the desired Callout tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour you want for the outline of the callout.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw a callout.

Diamond Tool 

 Diamond tool is used to draw a diamond or rhombus. To draw a diamond, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Diamond tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness and colour of your choice for the outline of the rhombus.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw a rhombus.

Drawing Other Shapes 

    In addition to the basic shapes, you can also draw various other shapes, such as pentagon, hexagon, heart, etc. To draw any of these shapes, follow theses steps.

• On the Home tab, click the desired tool in the Shapes group.
• Select the thickness of the outline of the shape from the size drop- -down box.
• Select a colour to draw the outline of the shape in colour.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse over the area where you want to draw the desired shape.

Magnifier Tool 

 Magnifier tool is used to enlarge an image so that you can have a closer look of the image. To use the Magnifier tool, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Magnifier tool in the Tool group.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area. A magnifier box will appear.
• Click the part of the drawing you want to magnify. To get the normal view, right - click on the magnified images.

Color Picker Tool 

 Color picker tool is used to pick or select a colour from any portion of an image. To use the Color picker tool, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Color picker tool in the Tools group.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click on the area that contains the colour you want to copy. Notice that the foreground colour changes to this colour.
• Click the Fill with color tool and then click the images or area where you want to fill that colour.

Text Tool 

     Text Tool is used to write some text in the drawing area. To use the Text tool, follow these steps.

• On the Home tab, click the Text tool in the Tools group.
• Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
• Click and drag the mouse to create a text frame. The Text tab appears.
• Select the desired font and font size by clicking the down arrow of the corresponding drop-down list box in the Font group. Select the font style ( B ), ( I ), or ( U ) to make your text bold, italic or underlined, respectively.
• Click inside the text frame and then type the text. To change the colour of the text, click the colour of your choice in the colour palette.

Brushes Tool 

          Brushes tool is used to draw thick lines and paint with freehand. This tool is quite similar to your painting brush. Brush tool can be selected from the Brushes drop-down box on the Home tab. When you click the down arrow under Brushes, a variety of artistic brushes are displayed. 

Brush Style : Brush tool, Calligraphy Brush 1, Calligraphy Brush 2, Airbrush, Oil Brush, Crayon, Marker, Natural Pencil, Watercolor Brush.

1. On the Home tab, click the down arrow under Brushes.
2. Select the brush style you want from the list.
3. Click Color 1 in the Color group, and then select a color.
4. Select the thickness of the brush from the Size drop-down box.
5. Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
6. Click and drag the mouse to make the drawing.

To draw a scenery, follow these steps.

1. Select the Natural pencil tool from the Brushes drop-down box. Bring the mouse pointer onto the drawing area.
2. Draw the mountains and a hut. You can also use the Eraser tool if you want to erase any part of your drawing.
3. Use the Fill with color tool to fill the mountains and the hut with the colour of your choice.
4. Select the Oil brush tool from the Brushes drop-down box to draw the ground.
5. Select the Airbrush tool from the Brushes drop-down box to draw flowers and the grass.
6. Draw sun using the Oval tool and fill it with yellow colour using the fill with color tool.  Also draw clouds using the Cloud callout tool,  and fil them with blue colour using the fill with color tool.

Creating, Saving And Opening Drawings

       This section discusses how to create a new drawing, save a drawing and open an existing drawing in paint.

Creating a New Drawing

        You always need a blank drawing area to draw a new image. To create a new drawing, follow these steps.

1. Click the File tab, and then click New from the submenu that appears.

A new blank drawing area appears.

      If you are currently working on a drawing, Paint will ask you to save it before creating a new drawing. Click Save to save the changes or click  Don't Save to reject the changes. Click the Cancel button to return to the drawing area you had been working on.

Saving A Drawing 

      Once you have drawn the image, you can save it so that you can show it to your family and friends later. To save a drawing,  follow these steps.

1. Click the File tab, and then click save from the submenu that appears. The save As dialog box appears.
2. Select the location where you want to save the file from the right pane of the dialog box.
3. Type the name of the file in the File name text box.
4. Click the save button.

The drawing is saved on the computer.

Opening an Existing Drawing

To open an already saved drawing follow these steps.

1. Click the File tab, and then click Open from the submenu that appears. The Open dialog box appears.
2. Selects the location where your file, is, from the right pane of the dialog box.
3. Select the file that you WANT TO OPEN.
4. Click the open button.

Printing A Drawing

       When you have finished your drawing, you can take its printout. To take a printout of your image, follow these steps.

1. Click the File tab and then click Print. A Submenu appears.
2. Click the Print option. The Print dialog box appears.
3. Click the Print button.

Exiting Paint

       To exit Paint, click the File tab and then click Exit options or click the close button on the right corner of the title bar of the Paint window.

        If you have not saved your most recent changes, Paint, will ask you to save them by displaying a message box. Click Save to save the changes or click Don't Save to reject the changes, Click the Cancel button to return to the Paint window.

Points To Remember 

• Paint is a program in Microsoft Windows that is used to draw, colour and edit picture.
• The Paint window consists of title bar, Ribbon and drawing area.
• The title bar is placed at the top of the Paint window and displays the name of the application program. The left side of the title bar contains a Quick Access Toolbar with some of the most important button such as Save, Undo and Redo.
• The Ribbon is placed just below the title bar. It provides quick access to the commands that you need to complete a task. These commands are grouped under three tabs, namely, File tab, Home tab and View tab.
• Drawing area is the white area where you can draw your pictures.
• The Home tab has various drawing tools, which can be used to create freehand drawing and to add a variety of shapes to our drawing.
• Once you have drawn the image you can save it so that you can show it to your family and friends later.

Input And Output Devices

Contents 

• Input 
• Output
• Input Devices
• output Devices

       A Computer consists of many input and output devices. Input devices are used to enter date and commands into the computers. Output devices are used to show results after the computer finishes its work.

      However, before discussing input and output devices, let us understand the terms input and output.

Input 

Something that goes in is knows as input. Input is needed to get the desired result. For example, we fill petrol in a car to run it. For a car,  Petrol is the input.

     In the same way, all the letters of the alphabets, numbers, and symbols given to the computer are called inputs. For example, if you calculate 10 + 3 on the computer , then 10,+ and 3 are the inputs given to the computers.

Output 

        Output is the result after the input has been processed. For example, in a car, if petrol is the input, them the running of the car is the output. Similarly, the result given by the computers is called the output. For example, if you calculate 10 + 3 on the computer, then the result 13, which will be displayed on the monitor, is the output.

Input Devices

        Input devices are the devices that are used to feed  information and data into the computer For example, our body, our eyes, nose, ears tongue and  skin send information n to our brain. In a computers, information enters through the input devices.

Keyboard 

      A Keyboard is one of the most commonly used input devices. It is used for typing letters and numbers along with some special characters.

Terminology And Definitions

Alphabet Keys : 26 keys marked with letters of the alphabet on the keyboard - You can type your name or any other word using the keys.

Booting : the process of switching on a computer

Calculator :a small electronic device used for doing mathematical calculation

Central Processing Unit : a computers does all its calculations in the Central Processing Unit (CUP) -  also known as the 'brain' of the computer

Computers : an electronic machine that words very fast and does not make mistake

Cursor : the small line blinking on the top - left side of the computer screen

Cursor Control Keys : used to move the cursor on the monitor

Desktop Computers : a computers which is kept on desk - also knows as personal computer

Enter Key : used to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line.

Function Keys : used for special functions - they are marked from F 1 to F12

Input :Something that goes in the computer to get the desired output

Input Device : a device used to feed information and data into in computer

Joystick : an input device that helps in playing computers and video games

Laptop : a computers small enough to fill on a person's lap - it can be carried around easily 

Light Pen :  an input device used to draw any figure directly on the computer screen

Microphone : an input device used to record your voice and other sounds into the computer

Monitor : the screen of the computer that displays texts and images

Mouse : a pointing device that is used for pointing objects on the monitor

Mouse action : the way in which we give a command to the computer 

Number Keys: the keys used for typing numbers - they are marked from 0 to 9

Output : the desired result that is generated after processing the input

Output Device : a device used to display or give results

Paint : a program that is used to draw pictures

Palmtop : a very small computers which can fit in a person's palm

Plotter :  an output device used to an output device used to print high quality images such as designs of ships, machines, buildings, etc.

Printer : an output device used to get the printed copy or hard copy of your work on paper, slides, clothes, etc.

Scanner : an input device used to changes text or an image on a paper to an electronic form

Spacebar key :  used to insert a blank space between two words or letters.

Speaker : an output device which allows you to listen to music

Trackball :  an input deice which works as an alternative to a mouse

Web Camera:  an input device used to capture live images and videos, and send them over the Internet.