My School 2020

My School

          I love my school very much. We have a big school building. We learn to read and write at school. Some of the people who are there in school are the principal, teachers, peons, gardener and office staff. Everyone is very kind. The Principal manages the school. The teachers teach us many useful things at school. They prepare and correct our test papers. They also play games with us. We must love and respect our Principal, teachers and other school staff. The school peons have different jobs. Some of them carry messages and notices from the Principal to the teachers. They also help to keep the school clean. One of them rings the school bell. 

     The gardener keeps he garden neat and clean. He looks after the plants and waters them regularly. He also removes the dirt and weeds from the garden. The office staff works in the school office. They help the Principal to manage the school and type out important letters. They also type our question papers From the office staff to the peon and the gardener, we must love and respect everybody.

      Our school building has different rooms. We study in our classroom. Our classroom has desks and benches. It has a big blackboard. There is a table and a chair for the teacher. We keep our classroom clean by throwing the litter in the dustbin. We clean our classroom in turns.  The toilets in our school are also clean. We flush the toilets after use. We keep the water cooler area dry. We have a small library. There are many storybooks and reference books here. We do not eat or make noise in the library. We use the books carefully. Our school also has an art room, a music room, a science laboratory, a big hall and a playground. The playground is nice and big. During short and long recesses we enjoy playing with our friends here.

Conclusion : To acquire knowledge about our duties.

Public Facilities and My School 

            Various facilities are available to us in our school. Similar facilities are also our school. Similar facilities are also available outside the school. Bus and railway are public facilities of transport. We also use several other public services and facilities such as the postal service, telephone, fire brigade, police, banks, theatres, parks, gardens and swimming pools. We must use these facilities responsibly. The school is our world outside our house. We like our school just as we like our home. Each school has its own unique identity. Find out the unique features of your school and prepare a poster. School is for everyone. Each child has the right to go to school and learn. This is called the right to education. According to the Right to Education Act, every child between the ages of 6 and 14 must go to school and complete primary education. For children with special needs, the upper age limit is 18 years of age instead of 14.

Role of the community in the development of a school : Many people and institutions help to set up a school. Many parents, past students, writes, artists, sportspersons, scientists and industrialists lend a hand in the growth of a school. A school is given assistance in the construction of classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and procurement of sport equipment by various sections of society. The community has a role in the development of a school.

           All schools have a parent Teacher Association and a Mata Palak Sangh. They bring about a dialogue between parents and teachers. Parents can help in various activities of the school. The school respects all parents alike. We must also inform our parents about the happenings in the school. We learn with the help of both teachers and parents. Their interactions are to our benefit.

Always Remember _____ Education is a fundamental right of every child.

         Surekha and Mihir woke up earlier than usual. They began to get dressed without their parents' help. They were in a hurry to get to school. Mother asked. 'Surekha, why are you in such a hurry today?' Surekha replied,' Today is the birthday of my school. We will get sweets today. We cleaned our classroom yesterday. Today, there is a class cleanliness and decoration competition. I like my school very much.'

         Father said, 'Mihir, we didn't have anything like this in our time.' Mihir replied, 'Daddy, just as we celebrate my birthday at home, in the school, we celebrate our school's birthday. My school ranks first in sports and various other competitions. We hold elocution and sports competitions within the school, too. Daddy, I like working on the projects, going on trips and taking part in get-together.'

Do you know ?

       In the olden days in our country students used to go to their teacher's house to receive education. They lived there for a few years and completed their education. In the later period, a teacher and students of different ages came together. The teacher would then teach the students. Students traced letters and numbers on the ground. In this period, opportunities for girls' education were very rare. When the British introduced the present school system, Mahatma Phule and Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule began in pune, to educate girls.

Changes in school: Earlier, schools were held in every town and village. In villages, students gathered under a large banyan tree or in a shady place, where one teacher taught students of different ages. They were taught reading, Writing and simple arithmetic. When the British came to India, they introduced the modern school system. Our people realized that there can be no progress without education. People began to come forward to send their children to school. This is how the present day schools were formed.

They have done great work in the field of schools and education.
Mahatma Jotirao Phule 
Savitribai Phule
Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad
Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj
Pandita Ramabai
Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
Karmveer Bhaurao Patil
Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh

Our School Peon

       {    Hariram is our school's senior peon. He has only two years  left for retirement. Ever since I have been in school, I have known Hariram. He is a familiar figure in his khaki uniform and badge. He is there in the morning at 6:30 a.m. and leaves by 3 p.m. every day.

             It is he who opens the doors of the office and the classrooms. He supervises the cleaning of the desks and benches and corridors. When he comes during class hours, we are a bit scared. Because we know that someone has been called to the headmaster's office. Hariram is mainly in charge of the school office.

            Hariram has a difficult life. He has two sons who have managed to get good jobs in the local Municipal  office. Hariram is poor, but cheerful and honest. We like to see him with his funny moustache and friendly smile. When he leaves. We shall miss him very much.      }

The students of other schools want to know the methods you have employed to make the scheme a grand success. Prepare a report in about own language.

Adult Literacy Shibir at St. Agnes School

        Nashik, January 7 : The adult Literacy Campaign conducted by St. Agnes School was quite a hit. The brainchild of the Principal, Sr Mary Kutti, the classes were attended by 200 men and women above age of 40 who came each evening on week days. It began with the students of Std. IX and X  making a survey of the town and shortlisting almost 1200 adults who were uneducated 723 of these were women. Then began the motivation programmer. Students would first go to the respective homes and try to motivate the adults concerned. If this failed, they would go with the teachers.

         It was heartening to note that there were about 200 adult students but the emphasis was on trying to enroll some more. The fund for books and other materials came from the sale of newspapers, old clothes and the like. Donations from parents and sponsors have also helped in a big way. Classes were conducted from 6.30 p.m. to 8 p.m. on the school premises. Different students took up teaching on different days. Sr. Mary Kutti had drawn up the syllabi to be taught. It essentially consisted of the three R's There was no homework and no examination. The adult - students were also encouraged to talk about themselves. Teaching was done in the mother tongue. There were four classes, one each in Hindi, Marathi, English and Malayalam.

Science Exhibition on Tilak Grounds

 Pune, December 5: The Science Exhibition on Environmental Pollution organized by the Education Department of Pune on Dec. 3rd was both informative and edifying. It was held on the Tilak Grounds There were about 15 stalls in all featuring various aspects of Environmental Pollution. Charts, models and slides were used to provide information about land pollution, water pollution and air pollution.

         There was one section on noise pollution. One section featured acid rain and showed how it was cased by gases emitted by motor vehicles, factories and power plants that burn coal or oil. Its terrible effects on lakes, streams, marine life and drinking water were vividly illustrated. There was one section on 'Recycling' as a means of controlling pollution. Interesting ways of recycling cans, newspapers and glass bottles were explained. 

       The student volunteers from various schools were well-informed and explained procedures and processes with confidence. The exhibition opened the eyes of the visitors to the terrible crimes we are committing against our planet in the name of progress. It also convincingly brought out the fact that mankind is slowly but surely moving towards its own doom and destruction.

Republic Day at Model School

        Jalgaon, January 28 : This year, the Republic Day was celebrated with great enthusiasm at Model School. It was a special occasion because Chairman Kale was to be felicitated for winning the target - shooting gold medal at the police Academy.

      The National Flag was unfurled at 7:30 a.m. by the Chairman of the School Management. The National Anthem was played by the school band while everyone stood respectfully to attention. Meena Rawat from std. II then recited a poem 'Mera Hindustan' . She was excellent despite her tender age. The Saurav Rana, a student of Std. X spoke on 'Why I am proud to be an Indian'. Saurav is a good speaker and was notably impressive that day. The Principal in his address emphasized the need to uphold the democratic ideals.

      Chariman Kale was given the award amidst loud cheering. Sweets were distributed and the gathering dispersed after the singing of the National Song.

 Model English School - The Cleanest School 

        February 27 : 25th February was a great day for us, the students of Model English school. On that day we were given the 'Cleanest School Award' by the Mayor, Shri Gajanan More. Every month, from June onwards, there have been spot checks by members of the Municipality and we have always emerged shining. The concept of  cleanliness has now become a way of life for us.

          Every class has its own 'Cleanliness' prefect. Every corridor on every floor of the school has its 'Cleanliness' monitor. Then the posters, the debates, the meetings and the camps held by students at every class level went towards creating a very strong awareness about cleanliness, It was a united effort, for which we have to thank, in a large measure, our wonderful Principal and our Teachers. They backed us at every point. This award belongs to the whole school. Every student, every member of the staff and our Principal richly deserve it.

         'I wish all schools and institutions follow your example,' said Shri More while handing over the award. We too sincerely wish this to happen.

A Social Service Camp with a Difference !

           October 27 : Ideal English School, Kolhapur, recently conducted a week-long Social Service Camp in the school premises. This was to give students a first-hand acquaintance of the problems that beset our society and the possible ways of solving them. The support of local corporators, doctors and agencies such as the Rotary Club was solicited.

        During the week from the 13th to the 19th, lectures were conducted on Adult Literacy, Rules of General Sanitation and Social Awareness. Blood tests. Eye checkups and General Fitness tests were also conducted.

        The entire project was funded by prominent business houses of the town. The response to the Camp was tremendous. Altogether 1776 people attended some part of the Camp or the other. The involvement of the students of this school, the Principal, teachers, clerical staff and peons was wholehearted. The school became a hive of activity during this week, A booklet giving details of the Camp will be published in the first week of December.

Bhabha Science Club Organizes Tree Plantation

           June 15 : The first project of the Bhabha Science Club of our school this academic year was the Tree Plantation programmer along Rahi Path. Permission was taken from the Municipal Commissioner. The Mayor was present at the ceremony which was held in a small pandal erected for the purpose. Mr Y. C. Chauhan, the well-known industrialist, donated the saplings and the protective tree guards to be placed around the saplings. The Mayor expressed his delight at the enthusiasm of the young scientists for the environment. Our beloved Principal also spoke a few words. Then the students set about digging pits at intervals of 50 feet.

        16 saplings were planted in all, on either side of the road. The President of the Science Club then spoke, solemnly promising to supervise, with his team, the maintenance of the tress as they grew. Since it was a holiday many students from the neighboring schools were also present. Everyone cheered the President and the Club members. It was a very satisfactory day for us all.

Society for Detection of Cases of Child Labor

            Thane, August 29 ; A special society was formed on August 5 by a team of students of Model English High School, to detect cases of child labor in the town. It was not an easy task and stiff opposition came chiefly from those who employed children to work in their establishments.

           The Society surveyed the situation in restaurants, small business enterprises and at the railway station. Many cases were also detected along the creek where loading and unloading of good from boats was a major business. Members of the Senior Citizens' Forum rendered their wholehearted support. Their presence was very helpful while visiting the homes of the children concerned. The parents were persuaded to send their children to school. The help of the town Municipal Schools has been sought for their admission. Five children have already been admitted to these schools. But the total number of cases detected is over 1000. The Society faces a challenging task ahead.

Interschool Elocution Competition Held at Model High School

  September 9 : An Interschool Elocution Competition was held in Model High School on 7 September. Seven schools from the town participated. Since Model High School was the organizer, it refrained from participating and only looked after the arrangement and conducting of the programmer as well as the prize distribution ceremony. The Chief Guest was the Mayor, Smt. Gauriben Shas. The programmer began at 2 pm and ended by 6pm.

The topics were as follows :

1. Do present day advertisements affect the youth of today ?
2. Is the mobile phone being misused by the youth of today?
3. Are the youth of today more ambitious than those of the past?

17 speakers spoke for 5 minutes each.

          The speeches were topical, exciting and informative. Judging the winners was indeed difficult. Three college professors were chosen to be the judges : Shri Vasant Apte from Birla College, Smt. Sheetal Chitnis from MDK College and Smt. Anabelle Dias from National College.  Finally Ideal School claimed the shield. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised the efforts of the staff and students for conducting such a grand programmer.

Exhibition at the Town Hall

    Revathi, 1st October : The Annual Arts and Crafts Exhibition at Revathi Town Hall went off superbly. This year the number of participants had increased substantially and even the sponsorship was greater. The Mayor was the Chief Guest and visitors lined up all day and through the evening to view the local talent.

        This Exhibition is a unique way of encouraging the artists and craftsmen in Revathi. The chief attraction this year was the model articles made out of waste material, presented by the 'Banjara Samajik Prathishthan'. Everyone admired the pretty articles they had made and the Mayor made special mention of it in his speech. Needless to say, they won the first prize in the Crafts Category. "We are grateful that our work has been recognized," said an emotional participant.

My Delightful School

Why do we go to school ?

           We make friends and study with each other's help in school. With Friends we share tiffin's, play together, take part in school functions and go on trips.

Cooperation : If we help each other, we can succeed in everything and work becomes enjoyable. There is diversity in need of students. We must understand these different needs.

Children with special needs : There may be some children who are not able to see or hear or walk easily. We should try to understand their needs and help them. There are many government schemes for children with special needs.

Education of girls :  Girls too have the right to education / the joy of learning. Sometimes they leave education (drop out) to carry out household chores. Education of a girl must not stop for any reason. The government too provides many facilities for their education. 

Respect for diversity : We learn through the English language in school. However, we speak in our mother tongue at home.  Our customs, language and eating habits may be different. When we respect this diversity and help each other we enjoy being in school.

        

Winds of winter / solar winds 2020

Winds 

       We feel the wind but cannot see it. When certain objects in our surroundings move, we experience winds. The movement of air is called wind. Why does air move ? Winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. The two main causes of large - scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect ). Within the tropics and subtropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations.   In coastal areas the sea breeze / land breeze cycle can define local winds, in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can prevail. Winds have various aspects : Velocity (wind speed); the density of the gas involved; energy content or wind energy. Th wind is also a critical means of transportation for seeds, insects, and birds, which can travel on wind currents for thousands of miles. In meteorology, winds are often referred to according to their strength, and the direction from which the wind is blowing. Short bursts of high speed wind wind are termed gusts. Strong winds of intermediate duration (around one minute) are termed squalls. Long - duration winds have various names associated with their average strength, such as breeze, gale, storm, and hurricane. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases or charged particles from the sun through space, while planetary wind is the outgassing of light chemical elements from a planet's atmosphere into space.

          Wind powers the voyages of sailing ships across Earth's oceans. Hot air balloons use the wind to take short trips, and powered flight uses it to increase life and reduce fuel consumption. Areas of wind shear caused by various weather phenomena can lead to dangerous situations for aircraft. When winds become strong, trees and aircraft. When winds become strong, trees and human - made structures can be damaged or destroyed. Winds that are accelerated by rough topography and associated with dust outbreaks have been assigned regional name in various part of the world because of their significant effects on those regions. Wind also affects the spread of wildfires. Winds can disperse deeds from various plants, enabling he survival and dispersal of those plant species, as well as flying insect populations. When combined with cold temperatures, the wind has a negative impact on livestock.

Try This 

• Fold a paper into two same -sized rolls. 
• Keep both the paper rolls on one side of a table.
• You and your friend should select one roll each.
• Without touching the role of the paper or the table, what can be done to move the   paper rolls  to the other end of the table ?
•  See who moves the paper roll first to the other end of the table.
•  What could be the reason of the delay in making the rolls reach to the other end of the table ?
• What can we do to move the rolls to the other end of the table with a greater speed ?
• Can a bottle filled with water be moved to the other end of the table in this manner ? Can we  see  the same method that you tried for moving the paper rolls?

         Air moves from high pressure areas towards low pressure areas in a horizontal manner. Winds are generated due to this movement. The extent of the difference in the air pressure affects the velocity of the wind. If there is less difference in the pressure, winds blow with less velocity. Winds blow with  greater velocities if the pressure difference is greater. Wind speed also varies. Wind velocity is measured in the units of knots or kilometer's per hour.

       When we consider the earth as a whole, we find the direction of the winds is influenced by the rotation of the earth. In the northern hemisphere, winds get deflected towards the right of their original direction, whereas in the southern hemisphere they get deflected towards the left of their original direction. This direction has been shown by curved arrows in the figure. The rotation from west to east causes this change in the original direction of the winds. Winds are knows by the direction from which they blow. For example, Westerlies are winds that blow from the west. The direction of blowing, the duration, the regions covered, and the condition of the air determine the following wind types :

Planetary Winds : Some winds blow regularly on the earth from high to low pressure belts throughout the year. These winds cover a large portion of the earth, hence these are called planetary winds.

For example , the Easterlies, the Westerlies and the Polar winds.

         

       In both the hemispheres, the winds blow from the high pressure are between 25 and 35 parallels, to the equatorial low pressure belt. Due to the rotation of the earth, their original direction changes. In the northern, hemisphere, they blow from the north - east to the south - west whereas in the southern hemisphere  they blow from the south -east to the north -west. These winds coming from both the sides converge near the equatorial calm belt. These winds are knows as the Easterlies. In both the hemispheres, winds blow from the mid - latitudinal high pressure belt to the subpolar low pressure belt situated near 60 parallel. Their original direction changes due to the rotation of the earth. In the southern hemisphere, these winds blow from the north - west to the south - east  and in northern hemisphere, they blow from the south - west to the north - east. These winds are called Westerlies. In both the hemispheres, winds blowing from the polar high pressure belt to the subpolar low pressure belt (55 to 65) are called polar winds. Generally, they blow from east to west.

Do You Know ? Winds in the southern hemisphere blow with great velocities. The southern hemisphere is mostly occupied by oceans. In this hemisphere the obstacle caused by the relief of the land surface is almost absent. As there is no obstacle ; winds blow with greater velocities in the southern hemisphere  as compared to the northern hemisphere.

 Their characteristics are as follows:

Beyond 40 S, winds blow with tremendous velocities, These winds are called Roaring Forties . Around 50 S, winds are stormy. Hence they are called Furious Fifties. The stormy winds around 60 S make tremendous noise and hence they are called Screeching Sixties. Why are such winds not found in the northern hemisphere at 40, 50 and 60 parallels ?

Local Winds : The winds that blow for a short duration of time, originate in specific regions and blow over a limited area are called local winds. Local winds affect the climate of the region were they blow. These winds are known by different local names in  the different regions where they blow. Winds which blow in some restricted areas in different parts of the earth. These are known by different names.

Easterlies : Winds arriving from the east. These are the planetary winds blowing towards the equatorial low pressure belt from he mid-latitudinal high pressure belts in both he hemispheres.

Seasonal Winds: Winds which blow during specific period and in limited areas. For example, the monsoon winds. Seasonal winds are movements of air repetitively and predictably driven by changes in large - scale weather patterns. Seasonal winds occur in many locations throughout the world. The name assigned to a particular seasonal wind - and the underlying physical forces that drive the winds one of the most commonly recognized seasonal winds are the monsoon winds. Although monsoons are often erroneously identified as rainstorms, they are actually a seasonal wind. A monsoon is a wind in low - latitude climates that seasonally changes direction between winter and summer. Monsoons usually blow from the land in winter (called the dry phase, because the wind is composed of cool, dry air), and from water to the land in summer (called the wet phase, because the wind is composed of warm, moist air), causing a drastic change in the precipitation and temperature patterns of the area impacted by the monsoon.

Characteristics of the Mountain Breeze : 

•  Mountains cool down quickly at night. 
•  The valley zone is comparatively warmer.
•  Air pressure is greater on the mountains.
•  Winds blow from the mountain towards the valley.
•  The hot and light air from the valley is pushed upwards and the cool air rushes down into the valley.
• Mountain winds set in after sunset.

Westerlies : Winds arriving from the west. These are the planetary winds blowing from the mid - latitudinal high pressure belts towards the sub - polar low pressure belts in both the hemispheres. The westerlies are strongest in the winter hemisphere and times when the pressure is lower over the poles, while they are weakest in the summer hemisphere and when pressures are higher over the poles. The westerlies are particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere (called also 'Brave West winds' at striking Chile, Tasmania and New Zealand, in areas where land is absent, because land amplifies the flow pattern, making the current more north - south oriented, slowing the westerlies. Th descriptor "extratropical" refers to the fact that this type of cyclone generally occurs outside of the tropics, in the middle latitudes of the planet, where the Westerlies steer the system generally from west to east. These systems may also be described as mid - latitude cyclones" due to their area of formation, or "post - tropical cyclones" where extratropical transition has occurred, and are often described as "depressions " or "lows" by weather forecasters and the general public, These are the everyday phenomena which along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the Earth.

Do You Know ? The region up to 5 north and 5 south of the equator remains clam for most of the year and winds do not blow in this region. It is called the equatorial calm zone or Doldrums. In the area near the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, that is, between 25 and 35 north and south, there exists a high pressure belt.  This is also a calm belt. This belt is known as Horse Latitudes.

           The land is made up of dense matter. Land is stable and opaque. As a result, heat is transferred at a greater speed and in a higher proportion. Hence, land gets heated quickly. The density of water is comparatively less. Water is transparent and unstable. Hence, water does not get heated quickly. As a result,  the air pressure in land and water areas is different. In the coast areas, land gets heated during daytime. Hence, the air on the land also gets heated and  the air pressure on land decreases. The sea water gets heated slowly hence the air is less heated and the air pressure remains high. Winds blowing from the sea  towards the land are called sea breezes. At night, land cools down faster as compared to he sea and therefore has higher air pressure. Hence, the land breeze blows from land towards the sea. 

 

       Besides these, winds blow under particular conditions in different areas. These are also called local winds. For example, Fohn, Chinook, Bora, Loo, etc.

Knots : A unit used to express the wind velocity. When the wind is lowing at a velocity of 1 Nautical mile (1.853 km) per hour, it is said to have velocity of one knot. (1 statute mile = 1.609 km). The word knot also indicates 1 minute are distance along equatorial circumference.

Major local winds in the world ::

Name of the Wind : Loo, Simoom, Chinook (Snow eater), Mistral, Bora, Pampero, Fohn (Faehn)

Nature of the Wind : 

Characteristics and areas of influence :

Seasonal winds (Monsoon) 

         Monsoon winds are generated due to the uneven heating of land water in the different seasons. During summers. Monsoons blow from the sea to the land in winter they blow from the land  to the sea. Southeast Asia. East Africa, North Australia are the regions where the Pronounced effects of these winds are felt . The influence of monsoon winds is seen in the summer and winter seasons in the Indian subcontinent. Due to these winds, the Indian subcontinent experiences monsoon (rainy) and retreating monsoon seasons apart from summer and winter.

Monsoon winds are in fact sea and land breezes blowing on large scale.

         Most of the precipitation in the Indian subcontinent is the effect of monsoon winds. After crossing the equator, they blow from the south - west towards the Indian subcontinent during the period from June to September. They are called the south - west monsoons. They are full of moisture. From September to December, because of the low pressure area developing near the equator, winds blow from the Indian subcontinent towards the equator. These are called the north - east monsoon winds. They are dry winds.

Cyclones : Cyclonic conditions are created when a low pressure area is surrounded by high pressure areas, In these conditions, winds start blowing towards the low pressure area from the surrounding high pressure areas. Due to the rotation of the earth. the cyclonic winds in the northern hemisphere move in an anticlockwise direction, whereas they move in a clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. During a cyclone, the sky is cloudy, winds blow with a very high velocity and it rains heavily. The area affected by cyclones is limited. The duration, velocities direction and place of origin of these winds is unpredictable. A condition of lowering of air pressure in a region. Under such a condition, the air from the surrounding regions rushes to the central low pressure area in a circular manner. This leads to the formation of a system of whirling winds that moves from one place to other under the influence of prevailing regional winds. Cyclones can transition between extratropical, subtropical, and tropical phases. Mesocyclones form as warm core cyclones over land, and can lead to tornado formation. Waterspouts can also form from mesocyclones, but more often develop from environments of high instability and low vertical wind shear. The growth of instability in the vortices is not universal. 

Cyclonic storms : Cyclones occurring in the western part of the Pacific Ocean along the coasts of Japan, china, Philippines, etc. are knows as Typhoons These storms arise in the months between June and October. Due to high velocity winds and heavy rains these prove to be destructive. The cyclones in the Caribbean Sea are knows as hurricanes. These are also destructive in nature. During these storms, the minimum velocity of the wind is 60 KM per hour. Cyclones also originate in the temperate zone but they are not so powerful and hence are not destructive. The cyclones in the Caribbean Sea are knows as hurricanes. These are also destructive in nature. During these storms. the minimum velocity of the wind is 60 KM  per hour. Cyclones also originate in the temperate zone but they are not so powerful and hence are not destructive. Air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and clockwise as viewed from above (opposite to an anticyclone). Cyclones are characterized by inward - spiraling winds that rotate about a zone of low pressure. The largest low - pressure systems are polar vortices and extratropical cyclones of the largest largest scale (the synoptic scale). Warm - core cyclones such as tropical cyclones and subtropical Cyclones have also been seen on extraterrestrial planets, such as Mars, Jupiter, and Neptune. Cyclogenesis is the process of cyclone formation and intensification. Extratropical cyclones begin as wavs in large regions of enhanced mid - latitude temperature contrasts called baroclinic zones. A cyclone's track is guided over the course of its 2 to 6 day life cycle by the steering flow of the subtropical jet stream. Strong cold fronts typically feature narrow bands of thunderstorms and severe weather, and may on occasion be preceded by squally lines or dry lines. Such fronts form west of the circulation center and generally move from west to east warm fronts form east of the cyclone center and are usually preceded by stratiform precipitation and fog.

Anticyclones : Under specific atmospheric conditions, the air pressure in a  particular region increases and the pressure in the surrounding areas remain low. In this situation, winds blow from the Centre toward the surrounding areas in a circular manner. In the northern hemisphere, these winds blow in a clockwise direction whereas in the southern hemisphere, they blow in an anticlockwise direction, During anticyclones, the skies are clear, winds blow with lesser velocities and the weather is pleasant. Anticyclones generally last for a few days or a week. Such anticyclones originate in temperate zones. At times, the air pressure in a region increase more than, the surrounding areas. Under such conditions, winds blow from the central high pressure areas towards the low pressure in the surrounding areas in a circular manner. Such winds moving out wards from the central. regions in a circular manner are called anticyclones. On weather maps, the Centre of an anticyclone is represented by the letter 'H' Anticyclones are vividly experienced in high pressure belts. Winds in these regions are always moving out and hence the rainfall in such areas is quite low.

Cyclones occurring in different parts of the world are assigned different names. A list of names is prepared for each of the oceans or its part. Names in the list are suggested by the countries in the region of that ocean. If the wind speed in the storm exceeds 33 knots (60 KM/ HOUR) the cyclone is assigned a name. Names make it easier for us to remember a particular storm.

Bonds of Family (Festivals) 2020

Houses 

        There are different types and sizes of houses around us. A house protects us from heat, rain, cold and snow. It also protects us from harmful animals. Many, many years ago people did not live in houses. They used to live in caves. When there were floods, people went to live on mountain tops to seek shelter. Then people started living in huts on the ground. Huts were made from branches and leaves of tress. But, huts did not protect them from heavy rain. So, people made houses with stones and mud. Eve today some people build houses with stones and mud. Nowadays, houses are built with cement. They are much stronger. We see many such buildings in big cities. People also live in tents made of canvas or cloth. This type of houses is movable. Some of the people who help us to build a houses are the carpenter, mason, builder, plumber, electrician and engineer. Bamboo, tiles, tinned roofs, iron rods , cement, wood, bricks and stones are some of the things used to build a house.

Do You know !!!!!

The mason uses stones which come from mines or quarries. 

Bricks are made from mud and baked in fire.

A Clean Home 

         Our home protects us in many ways. We too must take care of our home. It should be swept every day. The floor must be wiped clean daily. The rooms must be dusted well. All the garbage should be thrown in the dustbin. We must keep everything in its proper place. We must keep our home neat and tidy.

A healthy place to live in : A houses must have, many windows. We get plenty of fresh air and light through them. Some houses have many rooms such as a living room, a bedroom, a kitchen and a bathroom.

Home Sweet Home

         'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, Be it ever so humble there's no place like home; A Charm from the sky seems to hallow us there, Which, seek through the world, is ne'er met with elsewhere Home, home, sweet, sweet home ! There's no place like home, oh, there's no place like home! An exile from home, splendor dazzles in vain; Oh, give me my lowly thatched cottage again! The birds singing gayly, that come at my call - Give me them - and the peace of mind, dearer than all ! Home, home, sweet, sweet home ! There's no place like home, oh, there's no place like home !

          I gaze on the moon as I tread the drear wild, And feel that my mother now thinks of her child, As she looks on that moon from our own cottage door Thro' the woodbine, whose fragrance shall cheer me no more. Home, home, sweet, sweet home ! There's no place like home, oh, there's no place like home ! 

         How sweet ' tis to sit ' Neath a fond father's smile, And the caress of a mother to soothe and beguile ! Let others delight mid new pleasures to roam, But give me, oh, give me, the pleasures of home. Home home, sweet, sweet home ! There's no place like home, oh, there's no place like home !  To thee I'll return, overburdened with care ; The heart's dearest solace will smile on me there; No more from that cottage again will I roam; Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home. Home, home, sweet, sweet, home ! There's no place like home, oh, there's no place like home !     

Learning Outcome : To understand the importance of cleanliness at HOME.

Bonds of Family

     Our parents love us a lot. They go through a lot of trouble for us. They work very hard to bring us up. Mummy takes care of the house as well. She cooks for the family. She keeps the house clean. Daddy also helps mummy in the household chores. Our parents take care of us. They provide us with food, clothes, and meet all our daily needs. They also provide us with things that we need for our education. Our parents take us for outings. We go to the garden, park and beach. Sometimes we go for movies or visit the circus.

     Our parents take care of us when we are sick.

      They train us to form good habits.

      Our grandparents show a lot of affection towards us. They tell us moral stories of festivals, customs and their own experience. Our grandparents look after us when our parents go to work. They bring snacks for us. All the family members get together and celebrate birthdays and festivals. Everyone feels happy and there is a lot of love and affection Among the family members.

1. The parents take a lot of trouble for their children.
2. The parents meet all the needs of their children.
3. They take the children for outings.
4. They help to form good habits in their children.
5. The grandparents tell moral stories of customs, festivals and their own experience.
6. They look after the children when the parents go to work.

Our Duty Towards the Family

        Our grandparents and parents look after u, care for us and keep us happy. How should we behave in return? We should respect all the family members and listen to them. We should make them happy by being good. We should help mummy in cleaning and dusting the house. We should help our parents to fetch the necessary things from the market. We should do our homework every day and study ourselves. We should take help only when it is needed. We should not play mischief or fight with each other.

   The elder sister or brother should take care of the younger ones.

      All the family members should take at least one meal together. You should not go anywhere without the permission or knowledge of the elders. Do not accept anything that strangers give you. Do not tell lies. Don't be stubborn or greedy. We should look after our family members when they fall sick. We should attend to their every need. We should do such jobs that make them happy. We should love and respect our elders.

(Always love, respect, obey and help all the family members.)

My Family and Home

• A Family consists of a mother, father and their children.
• In some families, there are grandparents also.
• The number of people in a family may differ.

      We are born in our family. We grow up in our family. We are brought up by our parents. They take care of us. In a family. We are secure in every way. Our family provides us with food, clothing and shelter. Other members of our family also take care of us. There is affection among family members. We like to be a part of a family because of the love and caring that we get. Family members  help one another in times of difficulty. They try to see that no one suffers from any illness. But if we fall ill, our parents take care of us.

Small families and big families.

      Some families consist only of parents and one or two children. Such families are called small families. Some families consist of grandparents, aunts uncles, brothers, sisters and cousins. Such families are called big families.

Extended Family.
       Our family is linked with many other relatives. Aunts and uncles from the mother's and father's side, their children are all related to our family. Such a family is called an extended family. Our family gets extended because of our relatives. Members of an extended family may not live in one house, but there is love and affection between them. They meet each other on several occasions.

• Who are the members of your extended family ?
• How are you related to them ?
• On what occasions do the members of your extended family meet ?

Changes in the family system : The family system changes as time goes by. At one time, grandparents, aunts, uncles, parents, siblings and cousins all lived together and formed one big family. This was called a joint family. When members of a family move away because of their jobs or occupations, they start living separately, forming different families. Such smaller families are called nuclear families. The family system has changed in this way.    

    Family Values

Role in decision - making :  We live together in a family. Every person's likes an dislikes are different. Thoughts and opinions can also differ. We ourselves are different from others. Even so, our thoughts and opinions can match those of others on various topics. We have love and affection for each other. We take care of each other and are concerned about other people's well - being. We talk to each other before making decisions about anything in the house. We consult each other and make decisions that everyone agrees with. In this way, we are part of the decision - making in the family.

What happens when everyone has a role in decision - making ?

• Each person gets the opportunity to say what they think.
• By asking everyone's opinions, the subjects is thoroughly discussed from every aspect.
• We feel like a more important part of the family when we see that our opinion is valued.

       Just as we have a role in making decision in our family, We also have a role in public decision - making. In newspapers, we read about matters requiring public participation. 

      We feel the need for minor changes in our environment. It is to our advantage that everyone has a role in making decisions about changes in our surroundings. The government we elect makes decisions regarding public matters. If we feel that a decision made by the government is wrong, we can register our opinion. In this way, We can be a part of the decision - making process. 

Think ! Be a part of the decision - making process in your home. Do not form your opinions merely on the basis of what others say. Share your thoughts with others.

Effects of honest and dishonest behavior: We do many different things every day. Sometimes we make mistakes. When we realize that we have made a mistake, we should talk about it openly with our friends and family. By doing this, we learn to be honest and find a way to correct our mistakes. It is also necessary to be honest and sincere in our work. We must try hard to keep the trust in any relationship and never cheat. If we are honest, we do not have to be afraid. But if we are dishonest, we lose our self - confidence. We must be honest at home as well as in public. Everyone respects an honest person. Honesty is our strength.

Honesty in public life : If we are honest in our public life, we will get better public services and facilities. What happens if we travel on a train or bus without a ticket ? Our public transport system will run at a loss and would soon have to shut down If each person buys a ticket honestly, this problem will not arise.  Honesty can increase efficiency in public life. Honesty is the best way to increase discipline and efficiency in public life

Advantages of Co-operation : In a family, we co-operate with each other. Similarly, in team sport, he more the plyers co-operate with one another, the better is their game. Instead of keeping the feeling of co-operation restricted to sport, we should bring it into public life as well. Everyone needs co-operation in publics life. We, too, need the help of others, Fairs, rallies and other such gatherings can only be arranged successfully if we co-operate with one another.

Tolerance : We all have some faults. We can improve on these faults with the help of our family and friends. We may not agree with each other every time. Sometimes, there are disagreements even between friends. At such times we must try to understand the point of view of others instead of insisting that only our point of view is correct. On such occasions, we must listen to the other person. In this way, we learn to be tolerant. Respecting opinions which are different from our own is called tolerance or broadmindedness. Tolerance has a special significance in our country. People from various religions, creeds, cultures and following different customs live here. That is why, it is necessary for everyone to be tolerant or broadminded. Diversity can be preserved through tolerance. Diversity enriches our social life. It encourages us to think about others with concern. We can solve problems in our environment by being broadminded.

Gender Equality: Boys and girls or men and women are equal as human beings. Considering boys and girls to be equal without discrimination is called gender equality. Boys and girls must respect one another. In the company of our friends , we consider all of them to be our equals. We must maintain this sense of equality as citizens when we grow up. By developing this sense of equality, everyone gets to learn and make progress. Food, clothing, shelter, health and education are the common needs of men and women. For the purpose of equality, each of these needs must be fulfilled properly. Men and women have equal rights to facilities such as these. Similarly, men and women must get equal opportunities of progress.

Always Remember ___ Honesty increases efficiency in public life and makes it possible to avoid wastage of time, money and labor.

Festivals 

• Why do we celebrate festivals ?
• What are our festivals linked with ?

          We celebrate many festivals in the family . In the same way, different kinds of festivals are celebrated in different regions of the country. Agriculture is the main occupation in our country. Many of our festivals are related to agriculture and environment. Holi is the festival that marks the end of winter. In punjab, 'Baisakhi', is celebrated at harvest time. In Maharashtra, we celebrate 'Bailpola' when the sowing of the crops is over. During the harvest season in Tamil Nadu, 'Pongal' is celebrated, while in Kerala they celebrate 'Onam' Dasara, Diwali and Gudi Padwa are celebrated when the farm produce is ready. Paryushana Parva, Buddha Poornima, Ramzan Eid, Christmas and Pateti are important festivals. Whatever the festival, all Indians take part in them happily and wish one another well.

        'Independence Day' and 'Republic Day' are our national festivals. All citizens celebrate them. India gained independence from the British on 15th August, 1947. Hence that day is celebrated as Independence Day. The Indian Constitution came into effect from the 26th of January.1950 So, this day is known as Republic Day. Festivals bring people together. The feeling of togetherness grows. Festivals include songs, dances Rangoli, games, competitions and races. This gives us joy. While celebrating festivals, we must take care not to harm the environment. Small children and old people suffer if music is played too loudly. Loud noises cause noise pollution.

India has several Adivasis tribes. The 'Warli' tribe lives in Thane district. In June, at the beginning of the monsoon, they celebrate a family festival called 'Koli Bhaji'. Koli is a wild plant that is used as a vegetable. This plant grows after the rains begin. Family members go out into the surroundings and collect fresh tender koli. The vegetable is cooked and an offering is placed before the Gods. Then all the members of the family eat together. Makar Sank rant is a festival celebrated in winter. On this day, friends and relatives give each other tilgul (Sesame and jaggery). Sesame is an important winter crop. Sesame is a good food for winter as it helps to keep us warm. In a family, we are secure in every way. Families are of different types - small families big families, extended families. A family tree shows several generations of people. Every household chore is important. We must keep our house and surroundings clean. Many of our festivals are linked with agriculture and environment. Independence Day and Republic Day are our national festivals. Festivals increase the feeling of togetherness among people. During festivals, we meet each other, talk to each other and feel connected.